Single-working-medium vapor combined cycle

ABSTRACT

The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is provided in this invitation and belongs to the field of energy and power technology. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle consists of eight processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: a pressurization process 1-2 of M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process 2-3 of M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 6-3 of M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 4-5 of M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of M1 kg of working medium, and a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of M1 kg of working medium; M3 is the sum of M1 and M2.

FIELD

The present invention belongs to the flied of energy and powertechnology.

BACKGROUND

Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life andproduction. It is an important way to obtain and provide power by theconversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy. In general, thetemperature of heat source reduces and varies with the release of heat.When fossil fuels are used as the primary energy, the heat source hasthe dual characteristics of both high temperature and variabletemperature. Therefore, only one single thermodynamic cycle cannotachieve an ideal efficiency for refrigeration, heating or powergeneration.

Take the vapor power device with external combustion for example, itsheat source has the dual characteristics of high temperature andvariable temperature. For those vapor power devices based on the Rankinecycle, the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistanceabilities and safety concerns limit the parameters of the cycle'sworking medium. Therefore, there is a big temperature difference betweenthe working medium and the heat source, which leads to big irreversibleloss and low efficiency.

Humans need new basic theory of thermal science to use fuel or otherhigh temperature thermal energy simply, actively, efficiently forachieving refrigeration, heating or power. In the basic theory system ofthermal science, thermodynamic cycles are the theoretical basis ofthermal energy utilization devices, and the core of energy utilizationsystems. The establishment, development and application of thermodynamiccycles will play an important role in the rapid development of energyutilization and will promote actively for social progress andproductivity development.

Based on the principles of simple, active and efficient utilization oftemperature difference, aiming at the power generation application ofhigh temperature heat sources or variable temperature heat sources, andstriving to provide theoretical support for the simplification and highefficiency of thermo-power systems, the present invention proposes asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle.

THE CONTENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The single working-medium vapor combined cycle and the vapor powerdevice for combined cycle are mainly provided in the present invention,and the specific content of the present invention is as follows:

1. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofeight processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state(2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (6) to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of M₃ kgof working medium, performing a depressurization process to set thestate (4) to (5) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M₃ kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state(6) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium, and performing aheat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (1) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

2. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofnine processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state(2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (3) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (4) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of M₃ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7)of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (7) to (8) of the M₁ kg of working medium, and performinga heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (1) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

3. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofnine processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state(2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (3) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (4) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of M₃ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7)of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (7) to (8) of the M₁ kg of working medium, and performinga heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (1) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

4. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of tenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg ofworking medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state(2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (3) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (4) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (4) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6)to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasingprocess to set a state (7) to (8) of M₃ kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg ofworking medium, and performing a heat-releasing and condensation processto set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

5. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of tenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg ofworking medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state(2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (3) to (4) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (7) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set astate (8) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state(6) to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasingprocess to set a state (7) to (8) of M₃ kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg ofworking medium, and performing a heat-releasing and condensation processto set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

6. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofeleven processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state(2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (8) to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of M₃ kgof working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state(4) to (7) of X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorptionprocess to set a state (4) to (5) of (M₃−X) kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the(M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to setthe state (6) to (7) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₃ kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state(8) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, and performing aheat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (1) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

7. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofeleven processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set a state (b) to (3) of (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensationprocess to set a state (a) to (b) of M kg of working medium, performinga pressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3)to (4) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (4) to (5) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M₃ kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state(6) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium, and performing aheat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (1) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

8. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting oftwelve processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set a state (b) to (3) of (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (5) of the(M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to seta state (7) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of Mkg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state(a) to (4) of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorptionprocess to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of M₃ kgof working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state(6) to (7) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₁ kg of working medium, andperforming a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(8) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ andM₂.

9. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting oftwelve processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set a state (b) to (5) of (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensationprocess to set a state (a) to (b) of M kg of working medium, performinga pressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(3) to (4) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5)to (6) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing processto set the state (6) to (7) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₁ kg ofworking medium, and performing a heat-releasing and condensation processto set the state (8) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃is a sum of M₁ and M₂.

10. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofthirteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium andM₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing apressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b)of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption andvaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to(7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (8) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a)to (b) of M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process toset a state (a) to (4) of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state(5) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7)to (8) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, andperforming a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ andM₂.

11. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofthirteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium andM₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing apressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b)of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption andvaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to(4) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasingprocess to set the state (4) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensationprocess to set a state (a) to (b) of M kg of working medium, performinga pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(5) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7)to (8) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, andperforming a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ andM₂.

12. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting offourteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium andM₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing apressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b)of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption andvaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) ofthe M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of M kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of(M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to seta state (3) to (4) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of X kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5)of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (5) to (6) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performinga heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₃−X) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7)to (8) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, andperforming a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium; wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ andM₂.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle provided in the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a type 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-mediumcombined cycle provided in the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the presentinvention;

FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the presentinvention; and

FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The first thing to note is that, when describing the cycle's structuresand processes, the processes will not be repeatedly described if notnecessary, and the obvious processes will not be described. In each ofthe following examples, M₃ is the sum of M₁ and M₂. The detaileddescription of the present invention is as follows:

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 1 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts eight processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess 6-3 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 ofM₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 4-5 of M₃ kg ofworking medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium,a depressurization process 6-7 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 3-4 of M₃ kg of working medium. Therelatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usuallyprovided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature partof the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or bythe heat-releasing process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium(regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kgof working medium in process 5-6 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; theuseless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as theenvironment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process7-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be suppliedto the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 6-3 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process4-5 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion)process 6-7 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved byexpanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 2 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts nine processes: a pressurization process 1-2of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurizationprocess 3-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-4 ofM₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of M₂ kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of M₃ kg of workingmedium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 7-8 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 8-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 4-5 of M₃ kg of working medium. Therelatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usuallyprovided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature partof the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or bythe heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium(regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kgof working medium in process 6-7 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; theuseless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as theenvironment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process8-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be suppliedto the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 7-4 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process3-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 7-8 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achievedby expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 3 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts nine processes: a pressurization process 1-2of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-5 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess 7-3 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 ofM₂ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 4-5 of M₂ kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of M₃ kg of workingmedium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 7-8 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 8-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-5 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 3-4 of M₂ kg of working medium. Therelatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usuallyprovided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature partof the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or bythe heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium(regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kgof working medium in process 6-7 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; theuseless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as theenvironment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process8-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be suppliedto the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 7-3 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process4-5 of M₂ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 7-8 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achievedby expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 4 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts ten processes: a pressurization process 1-2of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurizationprocess 3-7 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-4 ofM₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of M₂ kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of M₂ kg of workingmedium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 4-5 of M₂ kg of working medium. Therelatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usuallyprovided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature partof the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or bythe combination of heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working mediumand heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium(regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₂ kgof working medium in process 6-7 and the heat released by M₃ kg ofworking medium in process 7-8 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part isreleased to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). Theheat released by M₁ kg of working medium in 9-1 process is usuallyreleased to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heatuser when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (2)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 8-4 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process3-7 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 5-6 of M₂ kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achievedby expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 5 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts ten processes: a pressurization process 1-2of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a depressurizationprocess 3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 4-7 ofM₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-5 of M₂ kg ofworking medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of M₂ kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium and the process 5-6 of M₂ kg of working medium. Therelatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usuallyprovided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature partof the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or bythe combination of heat-releasing process 4-7 of M₁ kg of working mediumand heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium(regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₁ kgof working medium in process 4-7 and the heat released by M₃ kg ofworking medium in process 7-8 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part isreleased to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). Theheat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usuallyreleased to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heatuser when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 8-5 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process3-4 of M₁ kg of working medium, the depressurization (and expansion)process 6-7 of M₂ kg of working medium and the depressurization (andexpansion) process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achievedby expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 6 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization andsuperheating process 2-3 of M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurizationprocess 8-3 of M₂ kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 ofM₃ kg of working medium, a depressurization process 4-7 of X kg ofworking medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₃−X) kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 5-6 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of M₁ kgof working medium, the process 3-4 of M₃ kg of working medium and theprocess 4-5 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium. The relativelyhigh-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by anexternal heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of theabsorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by thecombination of heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₃−X) kg of working mediumand heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium(regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by(M₃−X) kg of working medium in process 6-7 and the heat released by M₃kg of working medium in process 7-8 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part isreleased to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). Theheat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usuallyreleased to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heatuser when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 8-3 of M₂ kg of working medium is usuallyachieved by a compressor. The depressurization (expansion) process 4-7of X kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 5-6of (M₃−X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion)process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved byexpanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 7 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b ofM₁ kg of working medium with M kg of working medium, a heat-absorptionvaporization and superheating process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, a pressurization process 6-a of M₂ kg of working medium, amixing heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of workingmedium with M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-3 of(M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of M₃ kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 4-5 of M₃ kg of workingmedium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 6-7 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 ofM₁ kg of working medium and the process 3-4 of M₃ kg of working medium,the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usuallyprovided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature partof the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or bythe heat-releasing process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium(regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kgof working medium in process 5-6 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; theuseless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as theenvironment). The heat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process7-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be suppliedto the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 6-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-3 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (and expansion) process4-5 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion)process 6-7 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved byexpanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 8 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b ofM₁ kg of working medium with M kg of working medium, a heat-absorptionvaporization and superheating process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 3-5 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, apressurization process 7-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a mixingheat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working mediumwith M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-4 of (M₂−M) kgof working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 7-8 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 8-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process 2-3 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat isusually provided by an external heat source; the relativelylow-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an externalheat source, or by the heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₃ kg of workingmedium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kgof working medium in process 6-7 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part isreleased to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). Theheat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process 8-1 is usuallyreleased to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heatuser when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 7-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-4 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 3-5 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion)process 7-8 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved byexpanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 9 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b ofM₁ kg of working medium with M kg of working medium, a heat-absorptionvaporization and superheating process b-5 of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, a pressurization process 7-a of M₂ kg of working medium, amixing heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of workingmedium with M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-3 of(M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of (M₂−M) kgof working medium, a depressurization process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of M₃ kg of workingmedium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 7-8 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 8-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-5 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 3-4 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat isusually provided by an external heat source; the relativelylow-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an externalheat source, or by the heat-releasing process 6-7 of M₃ kg of workingmedium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by M₃ kgof working medium in process 6-7 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part isreleased to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). Theheat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process 8-1 is usuallyreleased to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heatuser when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 7-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-3 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 4-5 of(M₂−M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process5-6 of M₃ kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion)process 7-8 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved byexpanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 10 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b ofM₁ kg of working medium with M kg of working medium, a heat-absorptionvaporization and superheating process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 3-7 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, apressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a mixingheat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working mediumwith M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-4 of (M₂−M) kgof working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 5-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat isusually provided by an external heat source; the relativelylow-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an externalheat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 6-7 of(M₂−M) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg ofworking medium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by(M₂−M) kg of working medium in process 6-7 and the heat released by M₃kg of working medium in process 7-8 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part isreleased to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). Theheat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usuallyreleased to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heatuser when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-4 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 3-7 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process5-6 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion)process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved byexpanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 11 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b ofM₁ kg of working medium with M kg of working medium, a heat-absorptionvaporization and superheating process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 3-4 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 4-7 of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, apressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium, a mixingheat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of working mediumwith M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kgof working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, a depressurization process 6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of M₁ kg of working medium

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat isusually provided by an external heat source; the relativelylow-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an externalheat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 4-7 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg ofworking medium (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by(M₁+M) kg of working medium in process 4-7 and the heat released by M₃kg of working medium in process 7-8 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part isreleased to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). Theheat release of M₁ kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usuallyreleased to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heatuser when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-5 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 3-4 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process6-7 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion)process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually achieved byexpanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the totalpressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted intopower (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vaporcombined cycle is completed.

The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle inFIG. 12 works as follows:

(1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.

The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a pressurization process1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b ofM₁ kg of working medium with M kg of working medium, a heat-absorptionvaporization and superheating process b-3 of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, a pressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium, amixing heat-releasing and condensation process a-b of M kg of workingmedium with M₁ kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-3 of(M₂−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of M₃ kg ofworking medium, a depressurization process 4-7 of X kg of workingmedium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, adepressurization process 5-6 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, aheat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ kg of working medium, adepressurization process 8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium, aheat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of M₁ kg of working medium.

(2) From the perspective of energy conversion.

{circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbedby M₁ kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by M kg ofsuperheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of(M₁+M) kg of working medium, the process 3-4 of M₃ kg of working mediumand the process 4-5 of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, the relativelyhigh-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by anexternal heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of theabsorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by thecombination of heat-releasing process 6-7 of (M₃−X) kg of working mediumand heat-releasing process 7-8 of M₃ (regeneration), or by both.

{circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by(M₃−X) kg of working medium in process 6-7 and the heat released by M₃kg of working medium in process 7-8 can be sent externally to meet thecorresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand ofother processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part isreleased to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). Theheat released by M₁ kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usuallyreleased to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heatuser when cogeneration is applicable.

{circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurizationprocess 1-2 of M₁ kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.The pressurization process 8-a of M₂ kg of working medium and thepressurization process a-3 of (M₂−M) kg of working medium are usuallyachieved by compressors. The depressurization (expansion) process 4-7 ofX kg of working medium, the depressurization (expansion) process 5-6 of(M₃−X) kg of working medium and the depressurization (expansion) process8-9 of M₁ kg of working medium are usually completed by expanders. Thetotal expansion work output is greater than the total pressurizationwork input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (thecycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle iscompleted.

The technical effects of the present invention: Thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the presentinvention has the following effects and advantages:

(1) A basic theory of thermal energy (temperature difference)utilization has been created.

(2) The present invention greatly reduces the amount of heat absorbed inthe phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the amount ofheat absorbed in the high-temperature region. Therefore, thesingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle can achieve high efficiency.

(3) The present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processesand good applicability. It is a common technology to realize theeffective utilization of temperature differences.

(4) The present invention only uses a single working medium, which iseasy to produce and store; the present invention can also reduce theoperation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.

(5) The processes in the present invention are shared and reduced, whichprovides a theoretical basis for reducing equipment investment.

(6) In the high temperature region or the variable temperature region,both the cycle's working medium and the heat source medium conductvariable-temperature processes; therefore, the temperature differenceloss is reduced and the efficiency is improved.

(7) The present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperatureoperation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, thecontradiction among thermal efficiency, the working medium's parametersand the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistanceabilities, which is common in traditional vapor power devices, can beresolved.

(8) Under the precondition of achieving a high thermal efficiency, thevapor power device provided in the present invention can operate at alow pressure. The present invention provides theoretical support forimproving the safety of device operation.

(9) The present invention possesses a wide range of applicable workingmedia. The present invention can match energy supply with demand well.It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.

(10) The present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles fortemperature difference utilization, and contributes to ahigher-efficiency power generation of high-temperature heat sources andvariable-temperature heat sources.

What is claimed is:
 1. A single-working-medium vapor combined cyclemethod consisting of eight processes which are conducted with M₁ kg ofworking medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (6) to (3) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set astate (3) to (4) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M₃ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5)to (6) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (6) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium, andperforming a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(7) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ andM₂.
 2. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting ofnine processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state(2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (3) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (4) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of M₃ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7)of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (7) to (8) of the M₁ kg of working medium, and performinga heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (1) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.
 3. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of nineprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg ofworking medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state(2) to (5) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (7) to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (3) to (4) of theM₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to setthe state (4) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of M₃ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7)of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (7) to (8) of the M₁ kg of working medium, and performinga heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (1) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.
 4. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of tenprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg ofworking medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state(2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (3) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (4) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (4) to (5) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6)to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasingprocess to set a state (7) to (8) of M₃ kg of working medium, performinga depressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg ofworking medium, and performing a heat-releasing and condensation processto set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃is a sum of M₁ and M₂.
 5. A single-working-medium vapor combined cyclemethod consisting of ten processes which are conducted with M₁ kg ofworking medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set the state (2) to (3) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set thestate (4) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set a state (8) to (5) of the M₂ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (5) to (6)of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (6) to (7) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of M₃ kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to(9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, and performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of workingmedium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.
 6. A single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which areconducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working mediumseparately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set astate (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to seta state (8) to (3) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of M₃ kg of workingmedium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (4) to (7)of X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set astate (4) to (5) of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₃−X) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6)to (7) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasingprocess to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₃ kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of theM₁ kg of working medium, and performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of workingmedium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.
 7. A single-working-mediumvapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which areconducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg of working mediumseparately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set astate (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process toset a state (b) to (3) of (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set a state (2) to (b) of the M₂ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set astate (a) to (b) of M kg of working medium, performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (a) to (3) of (M₂−M) kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of M₃ kgof working medium, performing a depressurization process to set thestate (4) to (5) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M₃ kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state(6) to (7) of the M₁ kg of working medium, and performing aheat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (7) to (1) ofthe M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ and M₂.
 8. Asingle-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelveprocesses which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂ kg ofworking medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set a state (b) to (3) of (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (5) of the(M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to seta state (7) to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing aheat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of Mkg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state(a) to (4) of (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorptionprocess to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium,performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of M₃ kgof working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state(6) to (7) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₁ kg of working medium, andperforming a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(8) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ andM₂.
 9. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting oftwelve processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working medium and M₂kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurizationprocess to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of working medium,performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of theM₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporizationprocess to set a state (b) to (5) of (M₁+M) kg of working medium,performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M₂kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensationprocess to set a state (a) to (b) of M kg of working medium, performinga pressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state(3) to (4) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5)to (6) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing processto set the state (6) to (7) of the M₃ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M₁ kg ofworking medium, and performing a heat-releasing and condensation processto set the state (8) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃is a sum of M₁ and M₂.
 10. A single-working-medium vapor combined cyclemethod consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kgof working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of(M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (3) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performinga pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M₂ kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process toset a state (a) to (b) of M kg of working medium, performing apressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of (M₂−M) kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5)of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurizationprocess to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium,performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the(M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to seta state (7) to (8) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg ofworking medium, and performing a heat-releasing and condensation processto set the state (9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃is a sum of M₁ and M₂.
 11. A single-working-medium vapor combined cyclemethod consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kgof working medium and M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly:performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set thestate (2) to (b) of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing aheat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of(M₁+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (3) to (4) of the (M₁+M) kg of working medium, performinga heat-releasing process to set the state (4) to (7) of the (M₁+M) kg ofworking medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8)to (a) of the M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of M kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (5) of(M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to setthe state (5) to (6) of the (M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₂−M) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7)to (8) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, andperforming a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ andM₂.
 12. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consistingof fourteen processes which are conducted with M₁ kg of working mediumand M₂ kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing apressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M₁ kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b)of the M₁ kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption andvaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of (M₁+M) kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) ofthe M₂ kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing andcondensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of M kg of workingmedium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (3) of(M₂−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to seta state (3) to (4) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing adepressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of X kg of workingmedium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5)of (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process toset the state (5) to (6) of the (M₃−X) kg of working medium, performinga heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M₃−X) kg ofworking medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7)to (8) of M₃ kg of working medium, performing a depressurization processto set the state (8) to (9) of the M₁ kg of working medium, andperforming a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state(9) to (1) of the M₁ kg of working medium, wherein M₃ is a sum of M₁ andM₂.